Marketing Influence Essay

Thesis Statement. Marketing affects one’s everyday life in the sense that it influences people decision making as well as their consumption preferences. This paper illustrates how marketing affects one’s life but it also explains the fundamentals of marketing which product design, packaging, trademarks, branding, pricing, distribution, communications. Introduction Marketing can be viewed as the process where organizations collect their resources to match the ever changing needs of their consumers. Consumers are very important as they determine the mere existence, survival and growth of any organization. Marketing is also viewed as the manner in which organizations address the issues surrounding their markets. (Geoff L and Frank W, 12). The Chartered Institute of Marketing defines marketing as the management process that identifies, anticipates and supplies the customers’ requirements efficiently and profitably. For effective marketing to take place clients or customers must be given priority.    Marketing is a vital or rather a very important aspect in ensuring the survival of any business. The major aims of any business are to ensure survival, profits and growth. Marketing comes in handy to ensure that businesses attain this objectives or goals. Marketing entails various activities like accessing customer wants through intensive market research, analyzing those needs and establishing a way forward in ensuring that those needs are satisfied. It also entails the designing of products, price determination, distribution, distribution strategies and effective communication to both potential as well as the current customers. (Geoff L and Frank W, 52). Many businesses have emerged today and competition is high for almost all businesses. There is higher supply than demand and businesses have to undertake intensive marketing if they are to survive. Marketing involves advertisement, effective research promotional sales and direct sales. The role of marketing should not be left entirely to the marketing department of an organization or company if is to be successful. Effective research entails the thorough establishment of what the target population expects from the organization and trying to find out if the organization is actually satisfying those needs. Here, the company identifies its stand or position in satisfying consumer’s needs. The questions that emerge include where the company is, how it got there, where it intends to reach and how it plans to get there. It is very important that effective research is carried out as it provides accurate information on consumer behavior, which is very important in the decision making process. (Geoff L and Frank W, 35). Accurate information would mean that quality decisions can be reached at and this is good for business. Another advantage of marketing research is that through it an organization can identify possible potential markets which it can exploit to increase its competitiveness in the market. Through research a firm can access the market trends and this is very vital in ensuring that effective and timely decisions are made. Marketing research reduces the costs that an organization could have incurred in its operations as it can exploit the accurate information provided to make effective decisions. Without the research organization risk making incompetent decisions based on trial and error basis and this can see them incur high costs of operation. Market research can be carried out through interviews either sent by mail or via telephone. It can also be through a face to face interviewing. Marketing must be effective in the sense that it has to produce tangible results. It must also be profitable, integrated and strategic. The marketing management process entails the analysis of a company’s current position, its objectives or goals and how it plans to achieve the objective set. Implementation must follow so as to attain the set objectives. (Geoff L and Frank W, 10).   It is critical that market planning is carried out as it ensures that the aspect of the future is incorporated in the marketing process. Planning works to ensure that there is effective coordination among an organization’s departments. It is easier to control or monitor the progress as development of performance standards are easy to establish. Planning ensures that the unforeseen events are provided for effectively and the chances of success are higher when there is effective market planning than where it is lacking.   An organization must also be very critical in ensuring that it responds affectively to criticisms so that it neutralizes would be negative effects of the media might have against it. An effective marketing mix creates a positive impact in the market. A marketing mix focuses on product, pricing, promotion and placement of the product in the market. (Ross D, 89) Strategies adopted must always be consumer oriented and the organization must be focused in ensuring that there is high accessibility in the market. Placement or location of a business affects the sales that it makes and it therefore becomes very critical to ensure that effective research is taken. When determining the location important aspects like the demographics of the area are very important. A strategic position is an easily accessible one where many people can be able to reach at or where customer exposure is maximized.    Product design Product design identifies the perfect or ideal shape that a customer would prefer the products appear like. Products or services produced must be customer oriented. Organizations must produce those products that are of much value to their target buyers. They must also exploit their competitors’ weaknesses or shortcomings by producing products with what they simply do not offer. Customer needs are affected by the various factors like culture and effective or intensive market works to establish this.   Communications   Ã‚  Communication is a very vital aspect in the marketing process of any business or organization. It involves the dissemination of information about products or services that an organization produces. Vertical communication which means up and down the hierarchical ladder in an organization must be enhanced so that important decision making is not tampered with.   Ã‚  Ã‚   Good relationships or cooperation with the other departments is critical. The human resources for instance affect the efficiency in marketing. This is because it is responsible for the provision of personnel that will be required to work in the organization. If it provides experienced and qualified staff the chances of the marketing process yielding positive effects are high. The finance department is important in allocating the finances needed to make marketing a success. The production is also critical in the sense that it has to ensure that there is no deficit between the demand created and supply. It is its responsibility to make sure that successful marketing is not challenged by insufficient supply in the market.   On establishing the existing potential customers an organization has to go the extra mile of identifying their current and future needs before selecting or establishing the most appropriate means of satisfying those needs. After this they communicate to the customers on the strategies that they have established. (Geoff L and Frank W, 78). In her interview, Cisco’s Luanne Tierney argues that communication must be effective if marketing is to be a success. Good communication must be in existence within an organization both internally as well as externally. (Roy Young). On conducting the market research effective communication must be ensured between the market researchers and organizations decision makers. Good communication must also exist between organizations their customers. The establishment of an IT department can help improve an organization outward or external communication. By exploiting the Internet, an organization can establish a website where all information on their products or services is easily accessible. E- Marketing can be very effective in increasing the organization’s sales. It can also ensure that there is quick response to customers’ queries and this has a positive effect in the marketing process. Online shopping has gained popularity and most organizations can use it to increase their sales. It has the economical advantage over other forms of marketing. Where an organization offers wide and exhaustive information on the products that it produces more customers are likely to be more attracted and this works to increase the sales. Establishing personalized services is also an important way of ensuring that an organization registers increased sales. Communication refers to the manner by which meaningful information is exchanged. Effective communication ensures that there is a two way flow of information to ensure that there is a quick response or feedback. Noise or distractions must be evaded as much as possible as they hinder effective transmission of important information. To reduce the disruptions marketers can hold meetings in conference facilities. They can also be keen when advertising so that they do not place their adverts next to their competitors as this can confuse their target population.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Giving allowance for feedback is important in establishing how the audience decoded the information conveyed. This provision can be through the use of phone calls, e mails and internet chats all of which offers swift responses. Branding,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Product branding is also very important in the marketing process. It is appropriate for marketers to be very creative when branding their products. Before making the final decision regarding the brand that is to be used it is appropriate to carry out effective research so as to fulfill the customers’ needs. (Geoff L and Frank W, 100). Research can help an organization decide if it would be appropriate to invent new brands and it also helps in deciding the factors that ought to be addressed, enhanced or changed. Research can also establish if it would be economically viable to introduce two or more line of products or one would be enough. (Anholt S, 56).   Pricing   Ã‚  The price attached to any good or service reflects its value in the market. Pricing affects the product position in the market and is a critical issue due to the direct it has on demand. It also affects the other marketing mix for instance the product features, distribution channels as well as promotion.   When determining the price of a new product it is important that an organization carries out an effective market analysis, segmentation and targeting. Costs incurred both variable and fixed also ought to be incorporated when determining the price. It is also appropriate to estimate a demand curve and try establishing where the equilibrium price would be. Prices cited by their competitors must also be considered so at not to negatively affect the sales.   Price determination depends on the strategy that an organization opts to use or apply. An organization may decide to use premium pricing where by its prices are relatively higher compared to their competitors but their products must be of a better quality. For this strategy to succeed, effective research must have established that the target population needs quality products so badly that it would not shy away from purchasing quality goods at a higher price. (Geoff L and Frank W, 87). Penetration pricing can also be applied as a pricing strategy. Here, an organization lowers the prices of its new products or services on entry to the market but with an intention of increasing it overtime. The logic behind this approach is to first attract as many people as possible and after earning their loyalty it deems difficult for them to stop consuming this products. Good quality products are not likely to register reduced sales even if the initial prices were to be increased overtime. Some organizations can be compelled by the nature of the products they are dealing with to use the economy approach method of pricing. This approach ensures that the prices offered at the market are relatively low. The use of price skimming could also be applied where prices are high at the first entry into the markets but gradually these prices are reduced. This approach can best suffice among those goods that are affected by fashion or fads. Customers are willing to pay much money for them immediately they hit the market but as time goes on the willingness to pay declines.   Psychological pricing can also be applied with the aim of capturing customers who are responsive to emotions and not rationality. Price variations can also be applied as a price determination strategy. Prices offered can vary depending on the time of the day where for instance the prices in the morning or weekends can be lower than in the evening and during the weekdays. Offering discounts can be done selectively depending on time. (Geoff L and Frank W, 88).   Captive product pricing can also be applied especially where an organization in question deals with complementary goods. As the price of one product rises its complement price can be lowered to appear attractive. The reduced price will increase the demand for the product but consumers will be compelled to buy the other product regardless its price as they are used together. Geographical pricing can also be applied where proximity of distance influences or affects the price of goods and services. Transportation costs incurred can see to it that the prices of same products vary from one region to the other. Pricing can also be in response to the prevailing economic situation or market trends. Good pricing is also important in maintaining sustained growth as it makes customers come back. Promotion,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Promotion entails the use of various methods by an organization or firm to reach at its targeted audience providing it with the appropriate information geared at achieving its set objectives. The main aim or promotion is to educate or inform the target population of the products that it offers. Marketing promotions activities aim at enhancing an organizations position in the market in terms of the sales made. Organizations are also keen to promote loyalty to ensure sustained or long term positive relation ships with their customers. The making of promotional decision depends largely on the audience that an organization is targeting. The population could be specific or it could be mass oriented. Methods of promotion include advertising, sales promotion, public relations and personal selling.   Even the firms that are well known for a history of producing quality products, marketing is still an important aspect. Promotion acts as a pillar to the success of some high profile companies.   (Need Coffee). Companies like McDonald despite attracting many customers for their good quality products and its strategic position still finds it important to conduct promotions. It uses a ‘spokesman’, Robert, the cartoon like character who brings laughter to children who are the organizations target market. The use of cooperative marketing where organizations merge in their efforts to advertise their products can also place an organization at a strategic position in the market. (Need Coffee).   Advertising,   Advertising entails the use of mass media to convey important information regarding the products or services that an organization offers. Effective advertising offers two way communications where an organization is keen to respond and monitor the needs of their customers. Advertising can be through the use of t shirts, caps which act as walking bill boards this is mostly appropriate to the small businesses. The use of trade shows and trade fairs is appropriate as they ensure the accessibility of many customers or new contacts within a short period of time something that could not have been difficult to attain without them.   When advertising the marketers must be very keen to ensure that there is effective communication. Understanding the target population’s culture would be critical because culture affects the way people interpret symbols, words and sounds. It is also the role of marketers to identify their target population before they can decide the means of advertisement to use. Advertising can be carried out through the radio or television. Using celebrities in advertisement has a positive effect in as far as increased sales are concerned.   Sales,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Sales promotion involves the application of short term techniques as incentive for people to consume the products or services that an organization offers. This way the organization aims at increasing its sales and consequently its profit levels. Sales promotion could be the use of retail coupons that are valid for a specified period of time and customers must use them within the stipulated time span.    Marketing public relations   Ã‚  Public relations also known as publicity is a form of promotion that uses a third party to convey desired information regarding the products or services that an organization produces. Through the public relations an organization is able to communicate its positive features to the public.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Personal selling is another form of promotion where personal contacts are made to in promoting the sales of an organization products and services.   Packaging   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     According to Giles in What’s packaging design? the major reasons for packaging in marketing is to enhance appearance, protect product and facilitate distribution. (Calver G, 43). Packaging is also a vital aspect in ensuring the successful marketing of a product. Products that are packaged in attractive packaging will generally register increased sales. In determining the packaging to apply firms or organizations ought to ensure that the packaging protects the product in question. It ought to meet the environment standards set so that the organization or firm does not face conflicts with the authorities. Again it should be safe enough not to harm the customers. The cost aspects must be incorporated so that the organization does not incur losses. A good packaging must be convenient when distribution is being carried out. It should not be too bulky.   Marketing affects ones everyday life as it is very influential in determining a consumer’s decision making. On a daily basis one encounters or has to come across advertisements on the bill boards, televisions and the radio. The initial encounter precipitates the interest to acquire more information on the products or services in question and this leads to the search for more information on them which can be through the Internet. Attractive prices encourage impulse buying which is to the advantage of the businesses or firms. Effective marketing ensures that instant decisions are made that enhance the sales a firm makes. Works Cited: David Frederick Ross. Distribution: Planning and Control : Managing in the Era of Supply Chain. 2004. Springer Publishers. P 89 Geoff L and Frank W. The Official CIM course book: Marketing Environment, Marketing In Practice and Marketing Fundamentals. 2007. p 10-200 Giles Calver. What is Packaging Design? Essential design handbooks. Rotovision Publishers. 2003. p 43 Simon Anholt. Brand New Justice: How Branding Places and Products. Butterworth-Heinemann Publishers. 2005. P 56 Need Coffee. 2007. McDonald’s Strategic Marketing Mix. Retrieved on 20th June 2008 from http://www.associatedcontent.com/article/263943/mcdonalds_strategic_marketing_mix.html?page=3 Roy Young. 2008. Marketing Champions: Interview With Cisco’s Luanne Tierney. Retrieved on 20th June 2008 from http://www.marketingprofs.com/8/marketing-champion-luanne-tierney-cisco-interview-young.asp

Chipotle Mexican Grill Essay

I. Key Problem What Steven Ells began with a small taqueria in Denver, Colorado in 1993, one may not have foreseen this venture to become the fastest growing restaurant chain in the last decade. By 2006, Ells’ idea made its initial public offering with 535 restaurants throughout the world. Things were going tremendously well for CMG until late afternoon on October 18, 2012 when Ells finished receiving the company’s third quarter results. While data indicated an overall satisfactory outcome, it was the competition from Yum Brands’ Taco Bell and their recent launch of the Cantina Bell menu that would result in what seemed to be the onset of a major problem. Taco Bell had now become a major competitor to Chipotle since the launch of their new Cantina Bell menu allowing them to enter into the fast-casual segment in offering similar ingredients and items as Chipotle had. At the same time CMG paid a significant amount more for their products forcing them to charge a higher price on their menu items. Taco Bell, however, now offered similar items for half the price. The bottom line: competition was the root of this problem. The fact that Chipotle menu prices were higher as compared to that of Taco Bell’s new menu would lead to consumers or normally loyal customers to give the Cantina Bell menu a try. After the launch of the Cantina Bell menu in the summer of 2012, CMG stock significantly declined just after third quarter results were announced. To add insult to injury, Jeff Einhorn, a hedge fund leader, presented at the Value Investors Conference in New York City proclaiming that CMG was an attractive stock for short-sellers because of the considerable competition from Taco Bell. He further stated, â€Å"23% of Chipotle customers had already tried Taco Bell’s Cantina Bell menu†¦and two-thirds of those customers indicated they would return. What’s more, the customers most likely to return to Taco Bell were also those most likely to eat at Chipotle, a dynamic that indicates to me that Chipotle is most at risk of losing its frequent customers.† This message led to CMG’s stock falling by more than 4% within hours of the conclusion of the presentation. The announcement of projected increases in food costs on the part of CMG also contributed to the competition between them and Taco Bell. While Chipotle stood by its belief that it is â€Å"Food with Integrity† because of better ingredients, the Cantina Bell menu produced something similar while lowering the cost a customer would have to pay for a meal, therefore, causing further competition between the two. II. Relevant Theory By looking at the items offered on the Cantina Bell menu versus those on Chipotle’s menu, I determined that they both have a competitive advantage. Chipotle is a premium product offered at a higher price where it reaches a broader market share that is willing to pay more money. On the other hand, Taco Bell’s main strategic course is cost leadership which enables them to reach a broader market share with a lower price for the desired item. As shown on Example 1 the Competitive Advantage and Economic Value Created are somewhat different between the two companies. Since Chipotle offers a better quality of ingredients, consumers are willing to pay a higher price. As a result, creating a higher Value (V) for a burrito is at the same time creating a greater economic value (Value-Cost.) Meanwhile the economic value created by Taco Bell is smaller since the value of their product is less and consumer’s maximum willingness to pay will be lower. Example 1 Since Yum Brands launching of the new Cantina Bell menu, this new organic ingredient-driven list of selections has been a pretty obvious attempt to compete with fast casual giant Chipotle. This is what has become the major concern for Chipotle where competition is becoming fierce and for practically half the price the Cantina Bell menu is a definite value. However, you do get what you pay for and the overall quality and taste of Chipotle still has a slightly greater edge over Taco Bell. The value someone will be willing to pay for a Taco Bell burrito will be less than the value Chipotle has created with their better quality ingredients, hence creating a greater economic value. III. Assessment of Alternatives How could Chipotle effectively approach their key problem which is Taco Bell’s new Cantina Bell menu? What seems to be the main concern for Chipotle is that Taco Bell is trying to provide a similar product for half the price. Some of the alternatives available to Chipotle to are: †¢ Buy low cost goods to reduce prices using Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations (CAFOs) †¢ Another option could be to offer a smaller burrito for a smaller price, or to include less amounts of meat as Taco Bell does †¢ Continue doing what they do best and differentiate themselves Should Chipotle buy low cost goods to reduce prices using Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations (CAFOs), it would allow them to offer menu items at a lower cost to the consumer providing greater competition between them and Taco Bell’s Cantina Bell menu. However, in doing so would contradict their philosophy of providing the best quality ingredients in their food. In doing so, it will change CMG’s strategy from being a premium product and higher price to a cost leadership strategy and at the same time reducing the value of its product. Another option could be to offer a smaller burrito for a smaller price, or to include less amounts of meat as Taco Bell does in its Cantina Bell menu. This would also allow for cost effectiveness on both the consumer and Chipotle’s side, however, it would go against CMG’s mission statement of being â€Å"Food with Integrity†, lower its value and become a cost leadership strategy as opposed to being a premium product and higher price. A third alternative is for CMG to continue to compete effectively by doing what they already are doing which is differentiation based on quality and sustainability. This approach supports its philosophical message of better food for the consumer and community as well as being environmentally conscious. This allows CMG to maintain its values and remain within their strategy segment. On the contrary, this alternative force Chipotle to increase their menu prices while reducing its consumer surplus. IV. Suggested Course of Action After carefully analyzing the different alternatives, the best course of action is to continue to compete effectively on differentiation based on quality and sustainability given the mounting competitive and sourcing challenges. Even thought Taco Bell’s new menu seems like a significant threat they are far from creating the same value and reputation Chipotle has created since it opened its first restaurant in 1993. Not only does Chipotle provide the freshest and best ingredients with a bold flavor, they are setting themselves apart from any other restaurant chain and main competitor since they continuously are working toward better practices. They continue to push to sustainable sourcing like getting their meat form non Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations (CAFOs) while at the same time contributing to the promotion of good animal health and fighting against animal abuse. In addition, CMG buys products from local farms, builds restaurants to be eco friendly and LEED certified (leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) while trying to keep the cost and price of other items down. As their value statement proclaims, â€Å"Food with Integrity† is a mission of serving good quality food with inputs sourced using sustainable farming practices. Even thought new threats like Taco Bell’s Cantina Bell menu are presenting a challenge there will always be competition. CMG upholds strong beliefs to do what is best for the environment and for its communities in order to provide the best products to its consumers. This is precisely why they have grown so fast from the opening of their first taqueria, to the capital infusion from McDonald’s, to its initial Public offering (IPO.) They have been the fastest growing chain in the last decade and just like any fast growing business, regardless of their success, they will reach a slower growth as they approach maturity. There will still be opportunity for expansion. Chipotle is certainly heading toward a different direction than their competitors making them stand out and become a lot harder to imitate. This alternative is truly the only logical option for Chipotle as it continues to enforce its philosophy of providing â€Å"Food with Integrity.† There will always be competition between companies and products, however, if Chipotle chooses another route for combating this rivalry with Taco Bell, it would not allow itself to differentiate from them. V. Key Takeaways Before reading this case, I knew nothing about Chipotle but after reading it I am quite impressed by the approach CMG has taken choosing to go a different route most companies are afraid of doing because of higher cost prices. I was equally impressed they choose organic products, to buy from local farms, being against massive animal feeding as well as animal cruelty and that they are eco friendly and are looking to make all their restaurants like this. Of course, I should also mention that one knows one will be eating the best ingredients and most fresh available foods. I am confident as the values of this company are brought to the attention of more of the public, Chipotle will reach a bigger market share as the public demand will rise. I would also predict other companies and restaurants will follow similar suit. As mentioned earlier, there will always be competition in business, but a firm must find their differentiation advantage. As individuals become more educated and understand the factor facing the environment people will be willing to make a change and help make a difference.

Candide Essay On Religion Example For Students

Candide Essay On Religion Voltaire’s Candide is a novel which contains conceptual ideas and at the same time is also exaggerated. Voltaire offers sad themes disguised by jokes and witticism, and the story itself presents a distinctive outlook on life. The crucial contrast in the story deals with irrational ideas as taught to Candide about being optimistic, versus reality as viewed by the rest of the world. The main theme which is presented throughout the novel is optimism. Out of every unfortunate situation in the story, Candide, the main character, has been advised by his philosopher-teacher that everything in the world happens for the better, because â€Å"Private misfortunes contribute to the general good, so that the more private misfortunes there are, the more we find that all is well† (Voltaire, p. 31). Pangloss, the philosopher, tries to defend his theories by determining the positive from the negative situations and by showing that misfortunes bring some privileges. As Candide grows up, whenever something unfortunate happens, Pangloss would turn the situation around, bringing out the good in it. Candide learns that optimism is â€Å"The passion for maintaining that all is right when all goes wrong † (Voltaire, p.86). According to Rene Pomeau, â€Å"Voltaire-Candide†¦have made him Candide acquainted with the bad and the good side of human existence. The moral of Candide is born out of its style; it is the art of extracting happiness from the desolate hopping-about of the human insect† (Adams; Pomeau p.137). Pomeau explains that Candide shows both sides of humanity; how both great and terrible events are standard in a human life. Also according to Pomeau, the whole point of the story is to debate between good and bad; for example, as Candide becomes more independent, he starts to doubt that only good comes out of life. Pangloss is a very hopeful character in the story because he refuses to accept bad. He is also somewhat naive and believes that he could make the world a better place by spreading his theories on optimism. When Candide had met up with Pangloss after a long period of time, Pangloss said that he was almost hanged, then dissected, then beaten. Candide asked the philosopher if he still thought that everything was for the better, and Pangloss replied that he still held his original views. No matter how little Pangloss believed in the fact that somehow everything would turn out well, he still maintained his original views. Voltaire exaggerates his point on optimism; there is nobody in reality who is positive about everything all the time, especially about something so horrible. One could conclude that Pangloss is an irrational and inane figure, and Voltaire tries to expose how incomprehensible his beliefs are which do not measure up to reality. According to Linguet, â€Å"Candide offers us the saddest of themes disguised under the merriest of jokes† (Adams; Wade p. 144). It seems as if Candide was written as a comedy; not because of humor, but because every time something bad occurs, a quick turn of events happens which bring everything back to normal. One moment Candide murders the brother of the woman he loves, the next moment he travels to a land where he sees women mating with monkeys. In instances like these, it doesn’t seem like Voltaire is serious about tragic events. During the course of Candide’s journey, an earthquake strikes, murdering thirty thousand men, women, and children. In reality, this is a horrible predicament to be involved with. In Pangloss’ world, † It is impossible for things not to be where they are, because everything is for the best† (Voltaire, p. 35), meaning that the earthquake was necessary in the course of nature, and so there was definitely a rationale for the situation. To show contrast in the story, Voltaire introduces a character whose beliefs are completely opposite than the beliefs of Pangloss. This character is Martin, a friend and advisor of Candide who he meets on his journey. Martin is also a scholar, and a spokesman for pessimism. Martin continuously tries to prove to Candide that there is little virtue, morality, and happiness in the world. When a cheerful couple are seen walking and singing, Candide tells Martin â€Å"At least you must admit that these people are happy. Until now, I h ave not found in the whole inhabited earth†¦anything but miserable people. But this girl and this monk, I’d be willing to bet, are very happy creatures† (Voltaire, p. 58). â€Å"I’ll bet they aren’t† (Voltaire p. 58), replies Martin, and he bets Candide that the couple are, in fact, depressed, and are disguising their unhappiness. Upon talking to the couple, Martin, ironically, proved correct, strengthening his pessimistic views. Martin claims to be a pessimist because he â€Å"knows what life is † (Voltaire, p. 117) which is why Martin concludes that man was born to suffer. READ: Hamlet Essay Appearance Vs RealityCandide becomes affected by optimism in different ways throughout his life. The name Candide comes from the Latin word candidus, which means white, and symbolizes innocence. Perhaps Candide very readily believed in optimism at first because of his innocence. Candide grew up as a naive and vulnerable child in his own Eden and was only exposed to the brighter side of life and the idea that everything in the world happens for the better. He did not know what to expect in the real world and why things happened. As Candide progressed in life, though, his eyes opened and he became exposed to bad without goodness coming out of it, like when the people he cared for were harmed. Candide became more independent and learned to form his own opinions. He would look at the world and say exactly what he saw, and in every situation where Pangloss is absent, Candide would refer to Pangloss’ spirit: â€Å"What would Pangloss think?† Over time Cand ide realized that â€Å"Pangloss cruelly deceived him when he told him that all is for the best in this world † (Voltaire p.43). For a long time throughout Candide’s life, he believed strongly in optimism, not because he was forced to, but because he was raised in that manner. It is possible, however, that all along, deep down inside, Candide doubted the philosophies of his teacher because of his exposure to immorality in the real world. For example, Candide witnessed the public hanging of two Portuguese Jews simply because they refused to eat bacon for dinner. It was occurrences like these which demonstrated the inhumanity that one person can do to another, leading Candide to disbelieve Pangloss’ philosophies. Voltaire himself does not necessarily agree with the views of the philosopher Pangloss, that optimism is always the best way of looking at life. Many people in the story who were presumed to be dead were found to be alive and well. Cunegonde, the object of Candide’s affections, was thought dead by Candide but she had really been raped and sold into slavery. Pangloss was also presumed dead but he reappeared in Candide’s life. Although it is good that these people did not die, this is not an example of good coming from bad, since bad (their deaths) never even happened in the first place. This does not at all prove Pangloss’ ideas. It is debatable whether Candide is a novel whose purpose is to teach a moral and be analyzed, or if it was written for entertainment purposes only. According to I.O. Wade, in the Journal Encyclopedique, the story was written for entertainment purposes and the author should have dealt more with important matters such as religion instead of focusing on story line. Most of the story is about the journeys of Candide, and Voltaire did not include significant morals upon writing the novel. In Grimm’s review, it is also thought that Candide was not meant to be a high quality piece of work, but rather as something enjoyable. It is written in bad taste, yet filled with gaiety, and the amusing parts make it entertaining. According to Georges Ascoli, â€Å"Nothing could be more lively, more witty, or more instructive than this story†¦Too often Voltaire, delighted with his own artistic flair†¦gives us amusing stories†¦Let us take them for what they are, not giving too much historical credit†¦but tasting freely of the delights of well told stories† (Adams; Ascoli p.129). Ascoli takes Candide to be a witty and lively story despite the misfortune in the characters’ lives. He, too, thinks the story was written for entertainment in which Voltaire did a good job. The readers should accept the story for its zest, and not try to find a deep hidden meaning. READ: Maya Angelou Short Bio (Team Harmony Requirement) EssayCandide’s learnings and the events that happened to him affected his character in many ways. He had learned to become his own person, to accept life for what it had to offer, and that not everything had to be analyzed to decide whether it was good or bad. In this way Candide can be an example for all those who read his story.

One page background of the company Novartis ( include all the details Assignment

One page background of the company Novartis ( include all the details ) - Assignment Example its creation, Novartis as well as its parent companies have created and introduced a range of innovative medicines and products for consumers in general and patients in particular all over the world. The global headquarters of Novartis are located in Basel, Switzerland and the number of countries this company operates in is 140 (â€Å"About Novartis†). The businesses of Novartis are categorized into six different divisions of operation, namely Alcon, Pharmaceuticals, Sandoz, Corporate, Consumer, and Vaccines and Diagnostics. Alcon is for eye care whereas Sandoz is for generics. Consumer has two further divisions, namely Animal Health and Over-the-Counter. Novartis functions directly as well as through a number of subsidiaries in different countries across the globe, all of which lie in one of its divisions which are categorized by Novartis as fulfilling at least one of these functions; sales, holding or finance, research, and production. The mission of Novartis is cure and care. The company’s goal is to discover, formulate and introduce innovative products in the market successfully so that diseases can be prevented and cured, suffering of humanity can be eased, and the quality of life can be enhanced. In addition to that, Novartis also offers a shareholder return which shows wonderful performance and benefits the shareholders. Novartis also prepares drugs for the health and safety of animals, including pets as well as farming animals. â€Å"For pets, our products are effective aids to prevent internal and external parasites and treat ailments such as arthritic pain and kidney, heart and allergic diseases† (â€Å"Novartis Animal Health†). An in-depth analysis of the way Novartis sorts out data reveals the fact that the survival and success of Novartis can partly be attributed to the intelligent way in which the company sorts out data. The Health, Labor and Welfare Ministry lodged a complaint against Novartis Pharma K.K. complaining that the company’s

Medical Terminology Research Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Medical Terminology Research Assignment - Essay Example Examples of a medication error is in the use of a long-acting prescription cough medicine. "Reports indicate that health care professionals have prescribed Tussionex for patients younger than the approved aged group of 6 years old and older, more frequently than the labeled dosing interval of every 12 hours ("extended release"), and that patients have administered the incorrect dose due to misinterpretation of the dosing directions and the use of inappropriate measuring devices. Overdose of Tussionex in older children, adolescents, and adults has also been associated with life-threatening and fatal breathing problems" (FDA News, 2008). Another example is the overdose of acetaminophen in drugs marketed as Tylenol and Datril. These drugs should not be taken more than the dose prescribed or seen on the label, and not more than the number of days as prescribed for. Due to these incidences, government and non-government organizations in the United States and in the United Kingdom directly "warned doctors that the use of abbreviations in medical notes is putting patients' lives at risk." (Pocack, N, 2008). In an effort to reduce the number of medication errors drastically, the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO) has issued a list of abbreviations, acronyms and symbols that should no longer be used. They did this because of the reported 44,000 and 96,000 deaths each year which were attributed to medication errors which have been shown to be due to flaws in parts of the system involving prescribing, repackaging, dispensing, administering, monitoring or a combination of two or more of the aforementioned. "Medication errors may result from single or multiple breakdowns in a system's continuum of diagnosing an ailment, planning a therapeutic regimen, prescribing and dispensing drugs, and administering the drug" (Philips J, 2001). The article reviewed medical errors for a 5-year span (1993-1998). They noted that the most common cause of these errors was the indiscernible handwriting in prescriptions making the abbreviations look like something else. Example of an error resulting from poor handwriting; the "ug" as in microgram may seem like "ml" as in microliter; example of an error due to wrong abbreviation is "BT" for bedtime may be comprehended as "BID" as in three times a day. These errors are found most frequestly in clinical notes, prescriptions and treatment charts which are all over the workplace. The use of these abbreviations should be kept to an absolute minimum if not any at all. They cause confusion and present a risk to patients. Similarly, on the same goal to minimize medication errors, the Institute for Safe Medication Practices (ISMP) in 2003 created a list of "Do Not Use" abbreviations (IMSP List, 2003) which establishes a standard for abbreviations and terms used. And in 2005, the JCAHO suggested the Patient Safety Event Taxonomy which could facilitate a common approach for patient safety information systems (Chang A, 2005). This taxonomic standardization scheme hopes to make it known to everyone that there is an existing standard set of words and/or phrases which are to be used, and no other in medication writing or prescription writing. In Canada, they too have shown that

Globalisation and crime report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Globalisation and crime report - Essay Example That notwithstanding, with improvements in the transport sector an individual can decide to conduct business in foreign countries by moving freely from one location to the next i.e. a person living in Nigeria can transact business in Abu Dhabi and return home the very day. In essence, the issue of international integration has been made easier thus keeping the entire world in touch with each other (Barak, 2009). Globalisation has enabled people to follow world events conveniently from wherever they are in the world since they affect them. Through social media people know what is happening around the world in real-time without having to travel all those distances, updates in social media and international news outlets makes information dissemination quick and convenient as persons around the globe can keep up in touch with the affairs of the world in real time (Loader & Sparks, 2002). Increased integration on a global front has led to a significant number of issues being managed from a global front, for instance, there are universal laws that govern the action of each individual, the world economy is also being monitored at a global level, etc. (Barak, 2009). Comparative criminology is primarily concerned with crime and trends in criminal justice systems across various cultural, historical and geopolitical contexts. It seeks to unravel how different societies view crime and how they respond to crime. The primary aim of comparative criminology is to elaborate the similarities and differences of the various communities’ response to crime and explain the legal processes that are taken in response to such acts (Siegel, 2012). Comparative criminology is basically theoretical in nature since it is based on examining statistical records of various societies to assist it to come up with theoretical evaluation and testing of the data to come up with informed assumptions. Furthermore, comparative

Module 1 - Case - Health Care Financial Environment Essay

Module 1 - Case - Health Care Financial Environment - Essay Example Therefore, evaluation means conducting of assessment of perceived outcomes that are often measurable through standardized performances and regulations. It means an evaluation plan helps in achieving goals and objectives that are critical in enforcing the mission statements of a particular hospital environment (Speizman, 2009). Additionally, improvement of efficiency and effectiveness becomes of part of evaluation when CFOs examine the long-term investment decisions important for strengthening contract management. Planning, on the other hand, implies that CFOs must identify a project plan that is both feasible and operational in different environments. Accordingly, planning helps in the deconstruction of perceptions to convert them into reality when evaluating goals that need immediate implementation (Tolbert et al., 2010). It means all investment decisions are strategic because they serve certain purposes approved by CFOs in their quest to streamline the overall management (Burtrie et al., 2013). In other words, planning is a part of partnership with other management processes such as evaluation to assist in controlling of organizations cash flows and other pressing

Principles of criminal liability Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Principles of criminal liability - Term Paper Example The rule that says that the prosecutor has to prove every element of the principles beyond reasonable doubt is called â€Å"corpus delicti rule† (Hall, 2011). When a crime is committed, it is said to have some elements that directly show how and why the crime has been committed in a broad view. These elements may include the presence of a mental state, a prohibited action and a lack of legal justification. These elements should be proven by the prosecutor beyond reasonable doubt and in the cases where these elements are not proven, the person who is charged of the crime should be charged not guilty. The principles are mens rea, actus reus, concordance and causation. These principles are related to one another in a significant way as if one doesn’t satisfy, then it can change the whole scenario, and thus all should collectively apply on the crime (Lanser and  Bloy, 2000). Mens rea Mens rea is the Latin word for â€Å"guilty mind†. This is an element which shows that every crime is convicted in a state of mind. It is the state of mind of the defendant when he is or has committed the prohibited act of crime. In the American Law Institute’s Model Penal Code, the primary source used to define mens rea sets four standards. These standards suggest that the guilty mind can be attributed to those individuals who commit crimes â€Å"purposely†, â€Å"knowingly†, â€Å"recklessly†, or â€Å"negligently†. There have been developed statutes that provide more to the definition of these elements and they specify which mental states apply to which particular crimes (Hall, 2005). When an individual knows that his act will cause an expected negative result, it is â€Å"purposely†. When he commits an act being aware that his conduct will be highly risky of causing a negative result, he acts â€Å"knowingly†. When he knows that the act is going to be risky and still disregards the existence of the unjustifiabl e risks associated with the act, he is said to act â€Å"recklessly†. Lastly, if the individual has totally deviated themselves from the standard of care that he has towards a reasonable person, so he has committed the act â€Å"negligently†. In the criminal law, mens rea is considered as one of the most important and necessary elements that have to be present at the time of a crime. The common law system made the rule that the liability applies on the criminal on the grounds that the act will not make a person guilty of charge until and unless his mind is also guilty. Thus, it is important that there should be actus reus where mens rea is present to make sure that the defendant is charged of the crime he committed. So it can be held that the person who committed a crime without being at mental fault is generally not criminally liable for that act (Hall, 2005). Mens rea is not required in civil law as a subjective element to prove liability, but if a tort or a contract is breached with wrong intention, that may be counted in the offence and it would increase the scope of the liability on the offender and the measure of damages may be increased that have to be paid to the plaintiff. Therefore, it is evident that the existence of mens rea allows the accompanying principle of the actus reus as well and is closely related to each other. Without the presence of any one, liability will not be imposed (Hall, 2011). The principle issues on which mens rea is applied hold many stages of development. Some issues are said to be

Leadership and employee relations Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Leadership and employee relations - Article Example The leaders and Mangers apply different conceptualizations and approaches to work and exercise different ways of problem solving; undertake different functions in the organizations. They are exhibit different behaviors owing to their different intrinsic and extrinsic motivations. (Ofori, Toor. 2008). In an organization there is no distinct leader there are only managers. The Manager will be acting in both the capacity of leader and manager. A successful manager has both the quality of manager and leader who make use of the qualities discretely. The manager ship and leadership are the tools, through which the manager can influence the behavior of the employees and attain the organizational goals. The Manager and employee relationship in an organization is a delicate one. A good leader and manager can be able to handle and maintain a good relationship with his employees. In the organizations the employees are working towards the attainment of goals where the leaders, who could be instrumental in guiding the efforts of group of employees. The successful performance of leadership role is essential for the survival of an organization.

Accounting for Costa Company Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Accounting for Costa Company - Essay Example expenses 4,500 Property taxes 6,500 Rent 22,000 Net Income 84,100 1. There are two errors indicated related to inventory and sales of Costa Company. These errors will have profound impact on the company’s financial position as reported in the balance sheet of the company and also in the comprehensive income statement. Errors, omission, and mistakes can mislead users of the financial information about the reality of the business and its financial situation (Weygandt, Kimmel, & Kieso, 2010). Incorrect reporting of closing inventory would not only overvalue company’s assets and hence the size of the company’s book. This would also lead to wrong reporting of cost of goods sold which will have direct impact on the net income generated by the company and also the amount available to be distributed to shareholders. Missing out a revenue transaction will have a negative effect on the net income of the company because costs related to it are already included in costs of g oods sold by the company. This underreporting of net income would in turn affect the equity side of the balance sheet. 2. The income statement of Costa Company after adjustments to two errors reported in the case has generated a net income of $84,100 at the year end. This indicates that the company’s business operations are actually generating enough revenue that is able to cover costs of goods sold and operating expenses and taxes related to the business.

Søren Kierkegaard Essay Example for Free

Sà ¸ren Kierkegaard Essay 1. Some existentialist do believe in God and some do not. Being an existentialist does not necessarily involve denying the possibility of a higher power. Existentialism is a philosophical position that advocates 1) the individuals absolute freedom and full capacity to determine its place in the world; 2) the individual as indefinable, as outside of all systems and totalities. The individual is only defined on the basis of what they do, and with each action they change who they are. For Sartre, at least, we can only define what a person is when they have died. Existentialism is said to begin with Soren Kierkegaard, who is a Christian existentialist. For Kierkegaard, the human individual is outside of all systems, and is irreducibly singular. He is a Christian existentialist because he claims that a personal relationship with God is the highest accomplishment of human existence. As an existentialist, he opposes what he calls Christiandom, which is basically organized religion in which the individual loses itself in a group mentality. Religion is a personal event for Kierkegaard, not a communal one. Christian existentialism relies on Kierkegaards understanding of Christianity. Kierkegaard argued that the universe is fundamentally paradoxical, and that its greatest paradox is the transcendent union of God and humans in the person of Jesus Christ. He also posited having a personal relationship with God that supersedes all prescribed moralities, social structures and communal norms, since he asserted that following social conventions is essentially a personal aesthetic choice made by individuals. Kierkegaard proposed that each person must make independent choices, which then constitute his existence. Each person suffers from the anguish of indecision until he commits to a particular choice about the way to live. Kierkegaard also proposed three rubrics with which to understand the conditions that issue from distinct life choices: the aesthetic, the ethical, and the religious. 2. In this scenario, the essence of humanity, including both its end or purpose and the means to that end are all predetermined by God. Even though humans have free choice, they cannot change their God-given essence. A person might try to change his or her divine purpose of knowing and loving God by finding her true happiness in the purpose of such things like a talent or a habit. But if there heart is made in the image and likeness of God, there heart will be restless until it rests in God. Furthermore, if one accepts there true purpose as the knowledge and love of God but then tries to make up their own means or design for reaching that goal, that attempt will also likewise fail. The essence is God-created as to both the overall purpose of humanity and the general means to that goal, and human freedom cannot change human nature. Sartre uses this example of the paper-knife in order to explain the difference between existence preceding essence and essence preceding existence for everything else. Because the paper-knife has a pre-decided essence of opening letters or cutting apart the pages of a book, its useless when there are no books around. Man, on the other hand, can never be put in this position, since man has no pre-determined essence. So human beings can never be useless because they never had a previous defined use. 3. If God has created man and his nature, man cannot claim the primacy of his existence. Therefore, if existentialism makes human life possible in the aforementioned sense it cannot treat the question of God as a purely theological or academic issue. On the contrary, the way how we resolve the question whether God exists or not will determine the character of human self-understanding and the general condition of man in the world. Sartre says that the problem of Gods existence is not the issue for existentialism. What he means by this is not that existentialism is not interested in the question but that it has already resolved it given the need of man to regain himself as the creator of his own world. Or better to say, human reality proves that man is responsible for himself. In other words, nothing can save him from himself, not even a valid proof of Gods existence. On the other hand, if we believe that God has created man in his own image then, according to Sartre, we have to admit that human essence, as conceived by God, precedes existence. The reasoning will have the following pattern: If God exists, the essence precedes existence. God exists. Therefore essence precedes existence. 4. Sartre explains the priority of human existence in this way: Man first exists, turns up, appears on the scene, and only then defines himself. Sartre does not want to say that eating and sleeping is more important than anything else which is a kind of luxury in life. He admits the biological priority of basic functions but claims that what is built upon it is by far more decisive. As Sartre says later on, every man performs an absolute act in breathing, eating, sleeping or behaving in any way whatever, but this act does not constitute human essence who we are, only a configuration within which an already present existence shapes its own essence. To be sure, man exists like a configuration before he can be defined by any concept and hence his existence should be the basis for any posterior definition of his nature, not the other way round. But his nature is that he does not have a nature, at least initially when he appears in the midst of other beings. Therefore biological life does not equal human existence nor essence. The point here is that what man is (the traditional nature of man) is not determined by any pre-existing essence, not even the biological nature. Man himself decides whether he is going to be a grumpy and nasty person or a kind and caring infividual, a miserable creature or an energetic and optimistic human, a murderer or an artist, an obedient subject or a free spirit Sartre phrases the statement (a) existence precedes essence as synonymous with (b) subjectivity must be the starting point. This is obvious from the fact that he accompanies the former with an or: existence precedes essence, or, if you prefer, subjectivity must be the starting point. 5. Sartre phrases the statement (a) existence precedes essence as synonymous with (b) subjectivity must be the starting point. This is obvious from the fact that he accompanies the former with an or: existence precedes essence, or, if you prefer, subjectivity must be the starting point. There are several difficulties with this though. First, even if we follow Sartres expectation to accept his or between the two propositions as indicating a synonymous meaning it remains questionable . Subjectivity is obviously taken in the Hegelian sense, as the core of autonomy and self-reflection. Second, while the contention (b) is really faith blind, (a) is not. On the contrary, theists cannot accept it if it entails the non-existence of God. 6. Sartre calls this Subjectivity but explains his meaning to avoid misunderstanding. Subjectivity –We mean that man exists first and he is capable of realizing this. He uses his â€Å"will† to make conscious decisions and he is held responsible for his actions because his existence and free choice precedes his essence. Subjectivism can mean that an individual chooses and makes himself . In the second sense, it means that â€Å" it is impossible for man to transcend human subjectivity. † 7. The anguish results from the direct responsibility toward others who are affected by our actions. ANGUISH. It is in anguish that we become conscious of our freedom. My being provokes anguish to the extent that I distrust myself and my own reactions in that situation. We must make some choices knowing that the consequences will have profound effects on others like a commander sending his troops into battle. In choosing for ourselves we choose for all humankind. We experience anguish in the face of our subjectivity, because by choosing what we are to do, we ‘choose for everyone’. When you make a decision you are saying â€Å"this is how anyone ought to behave given these circumstances. †Many people don’t feel anguish, but this is because they are â€Å"fleeing from it. † If you don’t feel a sense of anxiety when you make decisions, it’s because you are forgetting about your â€Å"total and deep responsibility† toward yourself and all of humanity. 8. Our choices are a model for the way everyone should choose. If we deny this fact, we are in self-deception. If we say, Everyone will not act as I have done, then we are giving a universal value to the denial. There are no omens; there are no signs by which to decide. We are responsible for ourselveswe are the sole authority of our lives. We cannot give up this responsibility except through self-deception or bad faith. Because man is free and at the same time responsible. A man who involves himeslf cannot escape the feeling of immense, deep and total responsibility for his actions and for other men. Man is responsible not only for the person he chooses to be but also for other men. He stakes himself out by choosing both himself and all mankind. His actions are inevitably actions of a lawmaker. Man is constantly in anguish not because he makes daily trivial choices but, as Sartre stated in the discussion following the lecture, (a) because his original choice is constant but uncertain and (b) there is no justification for the choice made. 9. Quietism is the attitude of people who say, â€Å"Let others do what I can’t do. † The doctrine I am presenting is the very opposite of quietism, since it declares, â€Å"There is no reality except in action. † Moreover, it goes further, since it adds, â€Å"Man is nothing else than his plan; he exists only to the extent that he fulfills himself; he is therefore nothing else than the ensemble of his acts, nothing else than his life. One of the biggest objections was that it was a pessimistic philosophy that encouraged people to dwell in quietism of despair . In his essay, Existentialism is a Humanism, Sartre attempts to prove that existentialism is probably the most optimistic doctrine available to modern man by attempting to answer other objections brought against existentialism. However, I do not believe that Sartre is completely successful at presenting his doctrine as optimistic and giving valid responses to the many objections. 10. Sartre writes, Values in actuality are demands which lay claim to a foundation. (Ibid. p.46) But if the foundation of values were found in facts, then what would be valuable would be determined by facts and my will would not be in control of its own values; my will would not be master of itself. But if my will is the source of values, then this foundation is a foundation that can be changed at any time and it is possible for me to have no values whatsoever. It follows that my freedom is the unique foundation of value and that nothing, absolutely nothing justifies me in adopting this or that particular value, this or that particular scale of values. As a being by whom values exist, I am unjustifiable. My freedom is anguished at being the foundation of values while itself without foundation. You can’t judge sincere choices, but you can judge self deceit. For example when someone blames their actions on their passions or determinism, implying that they could not help what they did and so are not responsible. Or when someone says that certain values are ‘incumbent’ on us, i. e. the values, or duties, impose themselves on us so we have to follow them, we have no choice. If someone chooses to deceive himself you can’t judge this morally, but can judge it as an error. Furthermore you can judge it morally, because freedom can have no end but itself. To value anything is to choose it. So if we were not free to choose anything there could be no values. So freedom is the foundation of all values. So to value anything we are thereby valuing freedom itself. But we cannot value our own freedom without valuing others’ freedom. So if someone else denies that they are free, they are denying something that we value, and so we can judge them morally. Satre argued that existentialism was a kind of tough optimism. First to realise that there is no god taking care of our action or guiding us. Subjectivism leads to a forlornness and then the despair of being responsible for our own actions and probabilities gives way to freedom. The realization that what we achieve for ourselves is up to us. When we realise and accept this state of existence we are left with only possibilities. What we do with them can become a kind of despair but hope and change is always possible. The fact man is condemned to be free. It is from this existence that we create an essence for ourselves and not the other way round. It is a anti-fatalism and pro-determinism. By asserting that human action is futile, if not impossible, existentialism invites people to remain in a state of desperate quietism, resigned and passive. Existentialism itself ends up in a kind of contemplative bourgeois philosophy (just observing the world) lagging behind the demand of Marx 11th Thesis on Feuerbach which stipulates that philosophy should change the world not only look at it. The word bourgeois in the charge was linked to luxury in the sense of being redundant and unnecessary.

Major Reflective Essay Example for Free

Major Reflective Essay I am currently pursuing a Bachelor of Science degree in the study of Business, Management and Economics concentrated in Accounting at Empire State College. I work full-time as private nurse assistance due to my present job. If I condense all my assumptions and expectations for the time being, I could say that my nearest and primary goal is to earn the degree and be a recognized expert in my chosen field. Here is how I narrated my goals in my previous paper; I have enrolled at the degree course with an aim to achieve my goals in the near future, to be well educated and knowledgeable in many areas, to restore my confidence to continue learning throughout my life, to open my own business preparing taxes in the next five years or be a controller of a company, and build a degree that will qualify me for many job opportunities, to increase my skills and broaden my abilities towards my future, to learn a variety of skills and techniques to help others as well, to work with people, as I enjoy working with them, and set a great example for my daughter which I had right after high school. I want my daughter to know that a college education is important to get what you want in life. As I advanced in my readings I realized that the list of my goals is huge, very obscure and not regulated. I repeated my goals in paraphrased sentences when I spoke about learning and development, I had contradicting concepts when I mentioned about opening my own business and still being qualified for many job opportunities, I related enjoyment with working with people, and I allocated very small portion to my daughter, again, linking my care towards her to my learning and hard working experience. I am undergoing serious reflections while grouping and formulating my goals into four sections; learning, working, family and social life. In my previous statements I had only learning and working in my mind, the words â€Å"family† and â€Å"social life† were uttered, but meant â€Å"working† and â€Å"learning†. At this stage I put the first three are on the same level, and still downgrade â€Å"social life†. I experienced a significant breakthrough during my readings on time management, correlations of work and social life, division of life between career and family. First of all the studies I read, the facts and figures from the history, the revolution in gender concept helped me to view the human life from a wide range of angels. (Kalleberg 2004) What does career mean for people? Is it for the well being of the family, or for the self? What is the secret of simple human happiness; in career advancement, learning, discovery, or love and warmth in the family? (Harvard Business School Press 2000)Those were the questions that I rose while reading information about increasing workload and learning needs, and decreasing marriage and birth rates in our society. The current economy rapidly changes, and this is the reason I wanted to be qualified in many job qualifications, which is practically extremely difficult. The background of this behavior is the insecurity in my future life. Shift of age groups in management greatly concerns me when I am doing a long term planning. Although I am open for learning, I can hardly imagine how I can accommodate myself in the employment market when I am over 40 and less capable of acquiring new knowledge and new skills. (Kalleberg 2004) I realized that my choices should be very limited and meet my learning and working expectations and abilities. I have to consider my career plans in the background of my social and family life. I should have in mind that in a few years I will have to reshape my routine day to day tasks in order to be physically more available for my daughter when she steps the path of learning and self-development. She will not be able to take my best example in learning and working, as she will not see me in the learning and working atmosphere, but will have an evening mother, tired and eager to get rid of her questions as soon as possible. The two time management exercises greatly helped me to experience extension of time (clock time) and full satisfaction after completing a task (event time). (Levine 1998) I am more likely to use the event time, but clock time is essential for the busy life I have already chosen. Although, it doesn’t mean I will not enjoy my weekends beyond any time. My ideal concept of life will be to master using the three categories in different circumstances, or even bind them all together and experience beyond-time feeling during 15 min. coffee breaks. I got very concerned when I assumed that I have put my family and individual values aside. I realized that in order to develop my long term plans I have to study other sides of human nature as well; how the endless working and learning atmosphere may influence on my physical and mental health, what personal problems may arise in my life, and how it my affect on my socialization skills. And finally, how the short and long term planning can be best practiced to contribute to a creation of self reliant and happy old age life? I feel the need to explore human nature and life stories, and get skills on how to save time for things that are more valuable for me. The final conclusion I had from this course is that I have to consider investing time as if I invest money. Investment in my professional development should have tangible outcomes in securing a dignified life for me and my family. This vision should guide me in any minor and major task I take over. Bibliography Harvard Business School Press. Harvard Business Review on Work and Life Balance . Perseus Distribution Services, 2000. Kalleberg, Cynthia Epstein and Arne. Fighting For Time. Russell Sage Foundation Publications , 2004. Levine, Robert V. A Geography of Time. Basic Books, 1998.

James Dyson: Theories of Decision Making

James Dyson: Theories of Decision Making James Dyson is a UK-based engineer and founder of Dyson Appliances Ltd he is identified as the inventor of the first bag less vacuum cleaner. In 2012 his sales were over  £1billion and he has a sales presence within 45 countries worldwide. DAL had emerged as the market leader in the vacuum cleaner market in the UK as well as the USA. This paper will critically identify the key theories used by Dyson in his decision making process, strategic preferences will also be analysed within the development of the Dyson range of products. Theoretical models will be used to understand Dysons analytical decisions and the strategic choices that have been used within the development of the Dyson product range. Economic decisions will be evaluated to try and gauge the long term affect upon the stakeholders within the business. Background James Dyson started his career at the Royal College of Art in London where he studied furniture and interior design. In 1974 after spending four years with Roturk Marine Engineering as a designer he started his own business and made his first invention. The Ballbarrow which was an update on the wheelbarrow and used a plastic ball for easier manoeuvrability instead of the conventional wheel was his first invention, almost all of Dysons inventions and ideas are because of personal frustration with the current product available on the market. Ballbarrow was launched in 1975 and was priced at three times more than the conventional wheelbarrow; the product which sold surprisingly well was sold on to a major manufacturer four years after its concept to enable Dyson to finance his future inventions. In 1978 Dyson realised his vacuum cleaner was continuously losing suction power; he noticed how dust was quickly clogging the pores of the bag which was leading to a block in the airflow. He then made the decision to resolve this problem, after five years and over 5000 prototypes he launched the first cyclonic bag less vacuum cleaner. Dyson offered his invention to all of the most important manufacturers but none would invest in a bag less vacuum cleaner because of the potential loss of sales on the  £500 million bag industry. Despite initial financial obstacles in 1993 Dyson launched his new design of cyclone bag less vacuum cleaner the Dyson DC01which was seen as being a vast improvement over the conventional vacuum cleaner, other major manufacturers who had earlier rejected the cyclone idea have since copied Dysons concept to ensure their stake within the vacuum market remains intact. Business Strategy Corporate Culture Marketing professionals have different views on brand building, there are different models that all agree on what makes up a brand, the most obvious factors include awareness, quality and association (Boyle 2003, 79-93). Dysons achievement emphasises the need for the creation of a strong brand and is certainly one way for a business to accomplish and retain competitive advantage. A strong branding will lead to a brand equity which is a uniqueness that sets it apart from similar products (Tuominen 2007, 65-100).When uniqueness and value are delivered within a product range this can enable a business to maintain a higher price over its competitors products. Max Conze CEO of Dyson believes their competitive advantage is because of recruitment of the brightest graduates, expansion into various other markets and concentration on engineering development, our lifeblood is inventing that is where we invest the majority of our money and that DAL are more than a vacuum company we are a technology company. A new innovation needs to be given the right look; key decisions for Dyson are its attributes, brand characteristics and value for money innovative products will not be a success unless the benefits are greatly visible at the point of purchase. Dysons products original had the iconic yellow colour that makes them look childishly simple. Some have a roller ball and the transparent plastic holding cells that conceal the dirt that is removed. This has the aim of easier move ability and also shows the dirt that has been suctioned from your living space. Dyson has denied using branding saying Were only as good as our latest product, and I dont believe in brand at all. The comments from Dyson seem questionable considering his own unique style of vacuum cleaner and the millions of pounds that have been spent on TV commercials and advertising. Dysons mission statement is Take everyday products that dont work well, and make them work better. All the evidence points to a very clever marketing campaigner being as innovative as the products he sells. The products are easily identifiable by its brand name and are a continuing source of dominance and differentiation within the vacuum market. Strategic Planning In saturated product markets the development of a unique strategic product can give you a sustainable economic advantage within the market. A small number of businesses have managed to achieve a sustainable competitive advantage; Apple and Sky are two of the leading companies that can make claim to have been highly successful within their area of expertise and justifiable deserve the praise and accolade they have within it. Dyson plays down his decision making skills with reference to his vacuum cleaner commented we were in the right place at the right time and with the right product. But the reality is for it to happen there has to be a clear vision of where the company is going and where the market opportunity exists. Key features of sustainable competitive advantage include charging a premium for its services even low cost suppliers out price other low cost suppliers. Leading the market by innovation will get new ideas quicker to market also having control of market channels and buying power helps an organisation to adopt a new competitive price structure. Dyson and his colleagues have continued to develop new innovations to maintain their competitive advantage, creation of vacuum cleaners with higher suction through an entirely new cyclone system and a robot cleaner are amongst the latest inventions to be marketed. Not all of Dysons products have become a market leader in 2000; he launched the worlds first two-drummed washing machine, the Contra rotator. Dyson and his engineers constantly re-evaluate different products and they found with the traditional washing machine that the fabric is not flexed enough and washing by hand gave better results than a single drum machine. Dysons two drummed washing machine took four years and  £25 million to develop the machine it came with a revolutionary built-in jack and trolley. In 2005 the Contra rotator was withdrawn from the market, Dyson stated It wasnt a failure and it was a great washing machine but it was too cheap and we didnt make money from it. Schools of Strategy Henry Mintzbergs Ten Schools of strategic management are interlinked; the intention of this chapter is to mostly concentrate on three of the schools which the author feels that Dyson most uses within his ideology and approach to strategic management. The Entrepreneurial School: This strategy process has a single person in charge normally the CEO and is built on a strategic vision. Supporters of the entrepreneur school believe that managerial success is a personalized leader ship which is based on strategic vision; this will also be evident in the starting up and building of an organisation and in the case of breaking up of an organisation. The Entrepreneurial School Of Knowledge Main components within the entrepreneur school include a strategy making which is preceded by rigorous search of opportunities. Power is central to the leader and is characterised by large leaps in the wake of uncertainty and that growth will always be the main aim of the organisation. The basic principles of the school are that strategy exists as a perspective in the leaders mind and the formulation process is conscious only to a certain extent. The leader Dyson will promote a vision which he watches closely and this power will allow him to make changes or amendments within the organisation based on intuition and experience. The criticism of this school of thought is that it is centred on an individual leader and there formulation of a strategy, if employees lose faith within their leader due to a poor economic decision or strategy this can lead to a demand for a change of leadership within the organisation. The Design School: The design school looks to find a match for internal capabilities and external possibilities; it seeks to gain importance within the analysis of internal and external situations. Internal relates to strengths and weaknesses and external covers the opportunity of a threat to an organisation. SWOT is the analysis that is used which covers managerial values and social responsibility and can also play a role in the formulation of a strategy. Design School Model-Mintzbergs The main principles of a design school include a planned process of conscious thought with a leader who takes the responsibility regarding control and consciousness of an enterprise. The models within the strategy should be simple and informal; the process will be complete only when the strategy is explicit and formulates a perspective. Implementation will only commence when the best one has been chosen. Criticism against this thought school include a lack of clarity within an organisation relating to their strengths and weaknesses and the time frame of when to formulate the strategy. There are also assumptions that data will be aggregated and sent to a higher level not showing potential losses and the environment will always remain stable within the future. The Learning School: The learning school has a view that strategies emerge when organizations can learn as much from failures as they do from success. Learning organisations assume that managers and workers close to design, manufacturing and distribution know more about their activities than their superiors and that the transfer of knowledge from one part to the other ensures that relevant knowledge reaches the desired place. Learning School Knowledge Network The main principles of the learning school can be complex and the nature of the organisations environment makes implementation and formulation identical to a large extent. The leader for e.g. Dyson will pay close attention over time to what works and what does not work and this structure will be incorporated into their overall plan of action. Criticisms of the school can include a threat of weak decisions and a largely passive approach to strategy. The seven remaining schools are planning, positioning, cognitive, power, cultural, configuration and environmental school all the schools are interlinked and can at different levels have a relevance to the James Dyson organisation. The author for e.g. feels that the environmental school has a much smaller link to the Dyson organisation than many of the other strategies available has this school is set to be reactive based on external environment. Most of the other schools just make reference to the environment but this school believes that the environment is ultimately the crucial key concept within this model. But protagonists of the environment school include Mintzbergs and Freeman and the basic models include the four groups of contingency view stability complexity, market diversity and hostility (Thompson 2004, 1082 1094). Strategic choice for Stakeholders Stakeholders are individuals who are affected or have an effect on the actions of an organisation. Stakeholder method focuses on the needs of its main stakeholders which include the owners, employees, customers and the local community. In contrast to this the shareholders method focuses on dividend to shareholders, which means the business objectives would be to increase profit. Dyson made a controversial decision in 2002 when he moved his manufacturing to Malaysia to be closer to his suppliers and to reduce his production cost. This move from Wiltshire to Malaysia was the cause of 800 job losses which would affect both employees who would have been made redundant and the local community. The Unions reacted furiously to the job losses general secretary of Amicus, the engineering union Derek Simpson Dyson has no commitment to his workforce and is a desperately bad example to the rest of the sector. and: This latest export of jobs by Dyson is confirmation that his motive is making even greater profit at the expense of UK manufacturing and his loyal workforce. Tony Blair told MPs he was deeply disappointed at the Malaysian transfer. Dyson commented in 2005 on his controversial decision to move production to Malaysia that record profits and his vacuum cleaners becoming the number one best seller worldwide as justified his decision to move production in 2002 away from the UK. After the move Dysons manufacturing costs have dropped significantly and as a result his profits have increased. Dyson said that the company may not exist at all today if it werent for the move. This decision would initially seem to point to a focus on shareholder dividends but this is unlikely to be the case as Dyson owns 100 percent of the shares and does not need to worry about his return to shareholders. Conclusion James Dyson has been a controversial figure within the business world but with an estimated worth of  £350m and a product presence in over 45 countries worldwide he has led Dyson Appliances Ltd (DAL) to be the leader in the vacuum cleaner market. He as over the last 30 years proven that risk-embracing entrepreneurship often run the most innovative companies and that his strategic sometimes controversial approach has at least for James Dyson been a great success. He has received a knighthood for his services to business in 2007 and has created the James Dyson Foundation in 2002 to support design and increase engineering education for future engineers. Sources Used www.inventors.co.uk/p/Sir-James-Dyson.htm 2012:1www.bbc news.co.uk-Dyson: Business whirlwind 2012:1-2www.guardian.co.uk/technologyinterview 2011:1www.forbes.com-sir-dyson-doesnt-believe-in-brands-why-has-he-spent-millions-building-one/2012:1www.quickmba.com/strategy/generic 2010:1www.guardian.co.uk/contrarotator/james-dyson 2012:1www.telegraph.co.uk/finance-production-moves-to-Malaysia 2012:1www.the guardian.com reinventing Britain 2011:1

Roger’s Theory as compared to that of Ellis’ Theory Essay -- Psycholog

Anderson (n.d) states, â€Å"Carl Rogers, a pioneering psychotherapist and the most influential psychologist in American history was one of the most prominent people of his time.† Rogers’ ideas and practices brought about a change in the school of humanistic psychology. What he learned in philosophy and philosophy of education influenced his personal life experiences which led him to a revolutionary of theory of therapy (Corsini, 2011 p. 148). According to an electrical resource, Client –centered therapy is a form of talk psychotherapy developed by psychologist Carl Rogers in 1940s and 1950s (â€Å"PCT†, n.d.). Certainly, Rogers’ non-directive approach to client- centered therapy focused on the importance of individual feelings and perceptions of self in the present. Rogers believed that this process increased understanding of self-awareness within the client. If the clients can identify, fully accept, and clarify feelings in their conscious, it wil l help them to determine the solution to their own problem. Since Carl Rogers was the one the first influential therapist, Alert Ellis became the second most influential therapist of all times in cognitive behavior therapy. Ellis developed a theory called Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) in the mid-1950s. Wikipedia (n.d.) explain this theory as , â€Å"A comprehensive, active–directive, philosophically and empirically based psychotherapy which focuses on resolving emotional and behavioral problem and disturbances and enabling people to lead happier and more fulfilling lives.† Unlike client-centered therapy, Ellis active-directive approach to rational emotive behavior therapy focused on The ABCD technique. This ABCD framework is defined as: (A) activating even not from an emotion, (B) bel... ... (Corsini, 2011 p. 153). However, rational emotive behvior therapist provided much direction, whereas the person centered approach encourages the client to determine direction (Corsini, 2011 p. 153). Furthermore, Rogers emphasize the conditions of a person’s right freely express themselves in solving their own problems. However, Ellis theory pays attention to the development of thoughts and emotions people experience. Similar, outcomes are evident in both client-centered therapy and rational emotive behavior therapy after the patients have received valuable assistance. The clients continue to show growth and healing in their conscious as they revealed about life’s current problems. Likewise, Rogers and Ellis neither focused the patients past lifestyle or relied on unconscious. The clients were able to gain a sense of self-awareness at the end of the therapy.

Essay About Family: Waiting for Papaw :: Personal Narrative Family Grandfathers Essays

Waiting for Papaw I am under the belief that the concept of time as we know it, does not exist in hospitals. Upon entering, one loses all sense of what time it is, what day of the week it is, and how long they’ve been there. Hospitals are places of healing, of caring, of great medical advancements and live saving procedures. They are a place of second chances, of last chances, and sometimes very little chance at all. They are also a place for dying. I learned all of this and then some during the eighteen days in December that I spent at my grandfather’s bedside in Holy Spirit Hospital. My grandfather went into the hospital with the symptoms of a stroke on Saturday, December 13, 2003. He spent the first 4 days of his stay in a coma, induced by the doctors’ misdiagnosis of his condition. My grandfather had not had a stroke, in fact he had a condition in which his liver was overloaded with toxins and was shutting down. It was a problem he’d been suffering from for quite some time; however, none of his doctors had diagnosed his symptoms correctly. The sedative they gave him upon arrival in the emergency room only worsened his condition. Upon waking up, he had to be restrained to prevent him from removing his IVs and attempting to get out of bed. He improved steadily over the next few days, and we were expecting to have him home soon. Unfortunately, he was left unrestrained one evening and was able to remove his IV, catheter, and then climb out of bed. The nurses found him on the floor of his bathroom. How long he was there, we’ll never know, becaus e the time the nurses told us he was found, we know is not correct. He was given another dose of a sedative which caused him to be extremely disoriented the following morning, yet his old self was still shining through. â€Å"Papaw,† I asked upon arriving in his room that morning, â€Å"Why are you so tired today?† â€Å"Because I made 300 faustnauhts last night.† He replied without hesitation. Now, I can imagine that anyone would be tired from that, but where my grandfather came up with the word â€Å"faustnauht† instead of â€Å"donut†, I’ll never know. On Christmas Eve, after spending eleven days in the same hospital bed, he lost circulation in his left leg and had to undergo surgery.

Point Paper :: essays research papers

10 point plan to improve oversight of financial reporting process. 10 point plan to improve oversight of financial reporting process The New York Stock Exchange and The Blue Ribbon Committee saw a need for improvement in corporate auditing. They released a report of IO far-reaching recommendations intended to improve the quality of corporate financial reporting, Point # 1. Revise the definition of independent director. They say the definition should read as follows * Members of the audit committee should be independent and have no relationship with the corporation that may interfere with the exercise of their independence from management and the corporation. Point # 2 Require an independent audit committee. This point states that * (NYSE) and the (NASD) Should require companies meeting the size criteria (large) should have an audit committee made up of independent directors. Point # 3 Mandate minimum audit committee sizes and increased financial literacy. Companies that meet the size criteria (large) should have an audit committee comprised of a min imum of three directors. Furthermore, at least one of the members should have accounting or related financial management expertise, Point # 4 Mandate written charter detailing responsibilities and duties. Adopt a formal written charter approved by the full board of directors that specifies the scope of the committee's responsibilities, and to review and reassess the adequacy of the audit committee charter on an annual basis. Point # 5 Mandate annual i3ublic disclosure of audit committee activities The (SEC) should require proof from the committee that it has adopted a formal written charter, and to see if the committee satisfied it responsibilities under the charter. These findings also should be disclosed in the annual report to the stockholders. Point # 6 Clarify oversight responsibility for outside auditors. It should be specified that the outside auditor is ultimately accountable to the board of directors and the audit committee as representatives of the shareholders. Point # 7 Mandate discussion with outside auditor regarding independence. The rules should require that the audit committee is responsible for ensuring the receipt from the outside auditor of a formal written statement delineating all relationships between the auditor and the company, that is consistent with (ISBS) And to make sure there is no foul play. Point # 8 Require outside auditor to discuss quality of financial reporting-. (GAAS) Should require that a company's outside auditor discuss with the audit committee the auditor's judgments about the quality.

First Aid and Buttercups Cc Pin

Name: Kirsty Beale Nursery: Buttercups CC PIN: MU2. 4 Contribute to Children and Young People’s Health and Safety 3. 1 Identify non medical incidents and emergencies that may occur in the work setting * Fires * Flooding * Loss of property * Lack or loss of electricity,gas,water and heat * Data loss * Breach of confidentiality * Legal issues * Personal relationships * Bad management * Bad planning . 1 Identify the signs and symptoms which may indicate that a child or young person in injured or unwell. * Temperature over 37. 5c * Unresponsive * Lethargic * Nausea * Vomiting * Dizziness * Difficulty breathing * Rash * Diarrhoea * Chronic Headaches * Stomach pains 4. 2 Identify circumstances where children or young people may need urgent medical attention. * Broken bones * Unconscious/unresponsive * Shallow Breathing Asthma attack * Temperature over 80c * In severe pain * Dislocation * Confusion * Allergies * Chocking 4. 3 Outline own role and responsibilities in the event of a ch ild or young person requiring urgent medical attention. If I found a child showing any of the above symptoms I would evaluate what the symptoms are to the treatment needed if non-emergency I would immediately alert the appointed first aider so the child’s care can proceed. Related reading: Situations That Require Urgent Medical AttentionIf the child needs more substantial medical care an ambulance will be called and the parent/carer of the child will be informed what is wrong and where the child will be, when the situation is under control the settings medical forms will be filled out for legal purposes. 6. 2 Describe Personal Protective Clothing that is used to protect spread of infection. * Disposable gloves * Disposable aprons * Wounds to be dressed properly * Appropriate clothing and footwear to be worn * Body piercing’s covered or removed * Offensive tattoo’s covered or removed * Hair tied back

Commentary: Different?

The school text is a monologue and inspired by cardinal early(a) somas of texts. Alan Bennetts talk Heads and (to a lesser extent) a text I find by Carol Ann Duffy c all in alled Comprehensive. It is present in the AQA English Language and Literature Anthology for 2003, 2004, 2005.The take of the text is as a mean of entertaining an audience of a younger age (possibly in between the ages of 12-18) that be aw be of the groups of people concerned (who ar usually teenagers themselves) and withal of their colloquialisms. This targets to the highest degreely those who ar affected or annoyed by these types of people within their daily lives. (People in the Birmingham argona of this age are much than than wish wellly to understand the dialect). A mortal that fits into this category should hopefully find that the text is true to real life, and excessively kinda am using.The enchantment begins as unrivaledness of Alan Bennetts Talking Heads would. As his works were written with the assurance that they would be visual for a reflection audience as swell up as just for a hearing audience, he wrote, what could be referred to as stage directions in italics at the top of each monologue. I consent d iodin this also as I think it sets the scene well and perhaps glide bys a centering more instruction about each character. The euphony genre of the piece (monologue) does non really confine me in terms of the subject matter or layout but I feel that its genre is evident from merely viewing the layout and mayhap reading the first paragraph.I did not feel it suitable for any soulfulness to greet the audience, as they would be talk to a camera and not a person. This also would not aid me in any stylus when upchuckting across my attitudes. Instead I continued straight into two characters speeches as a marrow of do the passage run more smoothly.There is not just a single attitude that I am trying to get across in writing this text but they a re all linked in that my complaints all refer to the groups known to me and many others as greebos and Kevs. I have attempted to relieve these two groups of peoples attitudes (as I see it as an outsider looking in) towards their own lives and, more importantly, to each other. I have also made clear role of get into with each person to show the att closinger how confusing some of the twit that teenagers usance today is and how the verbiage varies between the contrastive groups (i.e. unitary would rarely hear a greebo say the word wicked unless it were as a means of imitating a kev). I have tried to show how witty some of the address and phrases used sound, and in some cases, how they make no wizard whatsoever, for example, the names of these groups al oneness are slimly confusing and do not give us any clue as to what it means to be a segment of these groups. Even though I am familiar with these groups, I do not know where their group names or the language they use is d erived from.They have some(prenominal) somehow managed to inherit a kind of boss description, which everyone can refer to if either the word greebo or Kev is used. Part of the pass on that I am trying to put across is trying to, explain that most Kevs and greebos do not fit their sort description at all. For example, according to tom turkey, dump and his kind do not like the risque of football, what kind of a person doesnt like football?, when clearly Jack states that he has got a season ticket for metropolis and he enjoys going to the games.Filthy ice get outta BrumBopping around in their everywherestrung PsTom and Jack speak in an informal manner (shown above), as if they are public lecture to a friend kinda of in a more nonpersonal way. They some(prenominal) presume that the listener understands the slang that they use. I felt that if they didnt do this, indeed my attitude towards the language that they use would await less obvious. Despite their supposed initial feelings of being comfortable talking at a camera, towards the end of both monologues the boys both seem to feel threatened after arriving at the subject of befri finale a phallus of the opposite group. At this point thither are a lot of pelf and stutterings marked by , and finally evidently as a means of get away both come to an abrupt end and what looks like a farewell without an exposition of where they have to rush off to and why they have to go wherever they are going so quicklyIn reality, the stereotype greebo is exactly as the kev describes and the stereotype kev is exactly how Jack describes, but their minds do not seem to be bluff enough or able to pick up the concept that not all of the opponent group are like this. If what Tom Foster believes were true then on that point would not be many greebos existing to get exasperated about because presumptively they will have all sever their wrists. Only in extreme cases but are their faces covered in piercings and no t all of them despise football (as I have shown using Jack). The greebo that I have used in my monologue does not give us any narrate that he worships Satan either patronage what the kev believes and the kev is even in a blood with a greebo despite this being against his ethics.When talking about Eminem, (a medicinal drug artist ordinary with both groups) Jack refers to him as one of us. When he says this the listener would reckon what he means by us even though he gives us no clue as to what it means. This shows that he knows that he is part of a group (the greebos) and by say that he is one of them is a way of making his medicine provided acceptable for them to listen to rather than Kevs, and as he continues he explains that Kevs listen to his euphony for the wrong reasons almost saying that they should not be permitted to listen to it. cos lettuce theyll get thinking that he is one of them These greebos sicken me. These quotes show that they talk smooth on each other as if they were somehow of a lower clear and referring to each other as them gives a feeling of hostility even though they are so similar in many ways. The only real difference of opinion is in the clothes that they wear and the music that they listen to.Although it may seem that I have exaggerated the amount of propagation that both Tom and Jack use slang I assure you this is no exaggerationHes the only safe one. The word safe is just one of the slang words used by Jack in his monologue. If he were using Standard English then he would have said He is the only one that is trustworthy and that I like.I emphasise the separate groups pronunciation of words as a means of making the monologues appear more like offhanded speech as (if the piece were to be acted out as it should be) this would be the way I would want the actors to speak. I also tried to do this by ever-changing the subject abruptly in assorted places throughout the monologues.i.e. . Its never about the music with them, ju st baselines and how tweaked the snare drum is, any(prenominal) that means.So anyway, we decided that they were takin over too much in Birmingham soThey accuse and criticise each other for doing the same things while oblivious to the accompaniment that meanwhile members of the opposite group are accusing them of doing the same thing. For example, Jack says Its never about the music with them while ahead on in Toms monologue he says, We go for the music, not to get wasted This insinuates of rail line that it is never about the music for greebos either. If we took both peoples word for it then neither of them listens to music because they want to listen to music. I dont though and find these accusations preposterous.I believe the way in which each person ends the conversation. The language that they both use is comedic and further helps me to demand how both groups rather weird renewal of the English language baffles me. Despite this, ending their monologues in the ways that they do sums up both characters.